{"id":16,"date":"2023-05-24T07:43:32","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T07:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newscrunch.spicethemes.com\/?p=16"},"modified":"2025-10-21T15:11:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T15:11:55","slug":"sanatate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16","title":{"rendered":"Statinele ca pretext epistemologic"},"content":{"rendered":"
de Ovidiu Ionescu<\/div>\n
Statinele \u2013 o clas\u0103 de medicamente utilizate pentru reducerea concentra\u021biei lipidelor \u00een s\u00e2nge \u2013 sunt, se pare, cele mai profitabile medicamente din istoria industriei farmaceutice, profiturile de pe urma acestor molecule fiind \u00een zona unui trilion de dolari. Pe urmele lui Fleming, dr. Akira Endo a descoperit c\u0103 ciupercile \u2013 fungii con\u021bin substan\u021be care pot inhiba sinteza colesterolului \u00een organismul uman. Cercetarea asupra acestor molecule a \u00eenceput \u00een anii 70 ai secolului trecut, \u00een anii 80 au fost \u00eencepute primele tratamente experimentale iar acesta au eviden\u021biat \u0219i unele dintre efectele secundare cu care ne confrunt\u0103m zilnic \u0219i ast\u0103zi, lovastatina ajung\u00e2nd s\u0103 fie aprobat\u0103 pentru comercializare \u00een 1987.<\/div>\n
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De\u0219i distorsiunile introduse de ceea ce numim proprietate intelectual\u0103 nu sunt subiectul acestui text, este de notat c\u0103 Alexander Flemig a fost un simplu medic de familie \u00eenzestrat cu un microscop \u0219i mult\u0103 curiozitate intelectual\u0103 iar prin descoperirea antibioticelor acesta a devenit omul care a salvat imens de multe vie\u021bi, \u00eei suntem cu to\u021bii \u00eendatora\u021bi. De-a lungul vie\u021bii a refuzat s\u0103-\u0219i patenteze descoperirea, a considerat-o mereu contribu\u021bia sa la binele umanit\u0103\u021bii. Doar 40 de ani mai t\u00e2rziu studiul penicilinelor \u00eenceput de Fleming va conduce c\u0103tre cele mai profitabile molecule din istoria industriei farmaceutice.<\/div>\n
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Dup\u0103 punerea pe pia\u021b\u0103 a primei statine, industria farmaceutic\u0103 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 produc\u0103 studii peste studii care s\u0103 le ateste utilitatea, practic orice persoan\u0103 peste 40 de ani ce-\u0219i vizita medicul putea s\u0103 se a\u0219tepte s\u0103-i fie prescrise statine \u2013 noua minune a medicinei moderne. Noi ghiduri terapeutice au fost produse, nivelul de colesterol considerat dezirabil \u00een organism a fost sc\u0103zut astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t num\u0103rul celor susceptibili pentru a primi tratament cu statine s\u0103 se tripleze. Tratamentul pentru o lun\u0103 costa sute de dolari, profiturile industrie farmaceutice erau stratosferice, noi \u0219i noi molecule apar\u021bin\u00e2nd clasei statinelor erau puse pe pia\u021b\u0103.<\/div>\n
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Au trecut ani de zile \u00een care literatura medical\u0103, studiile puse la dispozi\u021bia medicilor au detaliat efectele secundare pe termen scurt, s-a c\u00e2\u0219tigat experien\u021b\u0103 privind interac\u021biunile medicamentoase, medicii prescriau cu bun\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103 statine unui public \u00eencrez\u0103tor av\u00e2nd credin\u021ba c\u0103 noile medicamente vor ajuta la prelungirea vie\u021bii multor pacien\u021bi cu boli cardio-vasculare.<\/div>\n
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Au ap\u0103rut \u0219i primii nori \u00een paradis, ini\u021bial erau practicieni izola\u021bi, medici dedica\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii pacien\u021bilor lor, mai pu\u021bin preocupa\u021bi de turismul medical prilejuit de congresele organizate \u00een diverse locuri exotice, medici c\u0103rora propaganda corporatist\u0103 nu le-a suspendat aten\u021bia \u0219i spiritul de observa\u021bie. Ace\u0219tia au observat o inciden\u021b\u0103 crescut\u0103 a problemelor diabetice \u00een cazul pacien\u021bilor c\u0103rora le-au prescris \u2013 conform protocoalelor terapeutice \u0219i cu bun\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103 – statine.<\/div>\n
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Studiile au continuat s\u0103 nege ani de zile chestiunea riscului apari\u021biei diabetului provocat de administrarea de statine, mul\u021bi dintre medicii practicieni \u2013 \u00een ciuda presiunilor \u2013 \u0219i-au men\u021binut pozi\u021bia, publicul a devenit ne\u00eencrez\u0103tor, ne\u00eencrez\u0103tor \u00een medicament \u0219i \u00een profesiunile medicale. Am descris mai sus ceea ce s-a numit r\u0103zboiul statinelor \u2013 statin war.<\/div>\n
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Au mai trecut ani, au ap\u0103rut medicamente generice corespunz\u0103toare fiec\u0103rei statine, medicamente alt\u0103 dat\u0103 scumpe au ajuns s\u0103 coste 2-3 lei pentru o lun\u0103 de tratament. Interesele comerciale s-au diminuat, riscul apari\u021biei diabetului provocat de administrarea statinelor a ajuns s\u0103 fie men\u021bionat \u00een prospectul ce poate fi g\u0103sit \u00een fiecare cutie de medicament.<\/div>\n
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Voi recapitula cele de mai sus dintr-o alt\u0103 perspectiv\u0103, acest text \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 ajute cititorii roexit.info s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 mecanisme care o dat\u0103 \u00een\u021belese vor putea fi utile pentru a judeca situa\u021bii similare.<\/div>\n
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\u00cen 1985, cu doi ani \u00eenainte de aprobarea pentru comercializare a primei statine, premiul Nobel pentru medicin\u0103 a fost primit de dr. Goldstein \u0219i dr. Brown pentru o serie de lucr\u0103ri referitoare la sinteza colesterolului \u00een organism, munc\u0103 continuat\u0103 \u0219i dup\u0103 primirea Premiului Nobel pe o perioad\u0103 de al\u021bi zece ani. Mecanismele de reglare a nivelului colesterolului sunt subtile, au fost descrise \u00een sute de lucr\u0103ri care poart\u0103 semn\u0103tura celor doi laurea\u021bi ai premiului Nobel. \u00cen\u021belegerea la nivel molecular a \u0219tiin\u021bei, a mecanismelor de reglare a colesterolului este cu certitudine dincolo de posibilitatea medicilor practican\u021bi sau chiar \u0219i a celor implica\u021bi \u00een dezvoltarea noilor genera\u021bii de statine. Dr. Akira Endo a descoperit statinele, a \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 acestea reduc nivelul colesterolului \u00een s\u00e2nge mult \u00eenainte de a fi disponibil\u0103 cunoa\u0219terea mecanismelor care regleaz\u0103 colesterolul \u00een organism a\u0219a dup\u0103 cum au fost descrise de dr. Goldstein \u0219i de dr. Brown. \u00cen m\u0103sura \u00een care le cunoa\u0219tem, mecanismele de ac\u021biune ale statinelor sunt complexe, sunt mult dincolo de \u00een\u021belegerea unui practician care nu are printre pasiuni biochimia. Acesta este firescul, \u00een cele din urm\u0103 nici mecanismul de ac\u021biune a paracetamolului \u2013 un medicament cu o vechime de 150 de ani – nu-l cunoa\u0219tem cu toate c\u0103 este poate cel mai folosit medicament pe plan mondial. \u00cencrederea mutual\u0103 dintre cercet\u0103tori \u0219i medicii practicieni este esen\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i tocmai de aceea comunicarea dintre ace\u0219tia nu ar trebui trecut\u0103 prin filtrul intereselor comerciale. Atunci \u00eens\u0103 c\u00e2nd cercetarea este practic acaparat\u0103 prin diverse mecanisme de marile firme farmaceutice nu pot s\u0103 nu apar\u0103 disonan\u021be precum cele descrise \u00een cazul statinelor iar acestea sunt mereu \u00een detrimentul pacien\u021bilor.<\/div>\n
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C\u0103ci ne\u00eencrederea \u00een statine nu a generat doar v\u00e2nz\u0103ri pierdute pentru marile firme farmaceutice, este \u00een \u00eentregime posibil ca ne\u00eencrederea \u00een medicament, imposibilitatea \u00een\u021belegererii mecanismului de ac\u021biune al acestuia, s\u0103 fi dus la o estimare gre\u0219it\u0103 a raportului risc \/ beneficiu at\u00e2t din partea medicilor c\u00e2t \u0219i din partea pacien\u021bilor. Este \u00een \u00eentregime posibil ca v\u0103z\u00e2nd c\u0103 le sunt ignorate rapoartele care descriau apari\u021bia diabetului \u00een urma administr\u0103rii statinelor, practicienii s\u0103 ignore la r\u00e2ndul lor statinele, ca pacien\u021bii citind articolele ce apar \u00een pres\u0103 s\u0103 ignore la r\u00e2ndul lor recomand\u0103rile medicilor. Propaganda, ocultarea adev\u0103rului, ignorarea realit\u0103\u021bii nu au f\u0103cut bine nim\u0103nui, cu certitudine nu au f\u0103cut bine pacien\u021bilor deveni\u021bi mefien\u021bi fa\u021b\u0103 de medicament sau fa\u021b\u0103 de medic.<\/div>\n
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A\u0219a numitul r\u0103zboi al statinelor ne-a ar\u0103tat limpede c\u0103 a folosi \u0219tiin\u021ba ca baros pentru a ne reduce oponen\u021bii la t\u0103cere este nu doar contraproductiv dar este \u0219i str\u0103in de spiritul \u0219tiin\u021bei. Prin \u00eens\u0103\u0219i natura sa, \u0219tiin\u021ba are menirea de a ne surprinde, atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 o fac\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd este la \u00eendem\u00e2na oricui, ar trebui s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 s-a transformat \u00een ortodoxie \u0219i propagand\u0103.<\/div>\n
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Acum mult\u0103 vreme dr. Feynman ne \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba c\u0103 \u00eentreaga realitate poate fi redus\u0103 la fizic\u0103, chiar \u0219i ramuri \u00eentregi ale fizicii pot fi reduse la fizica atomilor \u0219i a particulelor nucleare. Tot dr. Feynman ne avertiza c\u0103 de\u0219i termodinamica sau mecanica fluidelor \u2013 capitole ale fizicii \u2013 pot fi reduse la fizica atomilor \u0219i a particulelor nucleare aceasta nu este o abordare practic\u0103 tocmai din pricina faptului c\u0103 nu \u0219tim \u00eenc\u0103 suficient\u0103 fizic\u0103 a atomilor \u0219i a particulelor nucleare, c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 vom \u0219ti mai mult este practic s\u0103 ne folosim de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turile termodinamicii sau ale mecanicii fluidelor. Dr.\u00a0 Feynman ne spune c\u0103 \u00eentreaga chimie poate fi redus\u0103 la fizic\u0103, la interac\u021biunea dintre particulele subatomice dar c\u0103 nu \u0219tim \u00eenc\u0103 suficient\u0103 fizic\u0103, c\u0103 este \u00eenc\u0103 practic s\u0103 ne folosim de cunoa\u0219terea pe care ne-o poate oferi studiul chimiei pentru imensa majoritate a chestiunilor de fiecare zi. \u00cen mod similar putem reduce cunoa\u0219terea biologiei la chimie \u0219i apoi fizic\u0103, ne putem imagina c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd vom cunoa\u0219te mai mult\u0103 fizic\u0103 medicii vor deveni un soi de fizicieni atomi\u0219ti. Cu alte cuvinte cu c\u00e2t medicina va avansa cu at\u00e2t va deveni mai apropiat\u0103 de studiul chimiei \u0219i apoi de cel al fizicii. Dar fizica este o \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 experimental\u0103, este o \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u00een care orice teorie trebuie validat\u0103 de un experiment. Oric\u00e2t de mult\u0103 medicin\u0103 vom \u0219ti vreodat\u0103, aceasta \u00ee\u0219i va p\u0103stra caracterul experimental, orice teorie va trebui validat\u0103 de experien\u021b\u0103. Oric\u00e2t de mult va fi avansat vreodat\u0103 medicina, abord\u0103rile teoretice vor trebui mereu confirmate de experien\u021b\u0103, de experien\u021ba clinic\u0103.\u00a0 Experien\u021ba interac\u021biunii de zi de zi cu pacientul \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 poate fi o dovad\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u00een medicin\u0103, teoria ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 sistematiz\u0103m experien\u021ba dob\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een urma practicii medicale. Atunci c\u00e2nd trat\u0103m \u00een grab\u0103 \u0219i cu superficialitate chestiunile experimentale, atunci c\u00e2nd ignor\u0103m pacientul, atunci c\u00e2nd ignor\u0103m practicienii afla\u021bi \u00een contact direct cu pacientul ar trebui s\u0103 fim siguri c\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021ba s-a transformat \u00een opusul acesteia, s-a transformat \u00een dogm\u0103.<\/div>\n
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Cazul statinelor ne mai arat\u0103 \u0219i altceva, a\u0219a numitul r\u0103zboi al statinelor a \u00eencetat atunci c\u00e2nd interesele comerciale implicate au devenit evanescente din cauza pre\u021bului devenit modic o dat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia solu\u021biilor generice pentru fiecare dintre moleculele clasei statinelor. Cu alte cuvinte pia\u021ba liber\u0103 a rezolvat disputa \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103. A fost firesc s\u0103 fie a\u0219a c\u0103ci \u2013 a\u0219a dup\u0103 cum am ar\u0103tat mai sus – medicina este o \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 experimental\u0103, considera\u021biile teoretice sunt mereu failibile \u00een medicin\u0103, au mereu nevoie de confirmare clinic\u0103. Iar experimentul are nevoie de observa\u021bie obiectiv\u0103 care devine imposibil\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd suntem pu\u0219i \u00een mod fraudulos la intersec\u021bia dintre o\u00a0\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 aprioric\u0103<\/a>\u00a0precum economia \u0219i o \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 experimental\u0103 precum medicina. Modul \u00een care au fost gestionate interesele comerciale \u00een cazul statinelor ar trebui s\u0103 ne fi \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat c\u0103 toat\u0103 lumea \u0219i \u00een special pacientul pierde atunci c\u00e2nd \u0219tiin\u021ba medical\u0103 \u0219i cea economic\u0103 se intersecteaz\u0103, c\u0103 astfel de situa\u021bii sunt ilegitime, c\u0103 astfel de situa\u021bii sunt compromi\u021b\u0103toare pe termen lung pentru medicin\u0103, una dintre cele mai folositoare unelte pe care le avem la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103 pentru a ne p\u0103stra \u0219i reg\u0103si s\u0103n\u0103tatea.<\/div>\n
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Mai presus de toate, cazul statinelor ar trebui s\u0103 ne dea o lec\u021bie de modestie epistemic\u0103: cunoa\u0219terea este aventuroas\u0103 \u00een medicina modern\u0103, ar trebui s\u0103 fim cu to\u021bii mai mode\u0219ti, ar trebui s\u0103 ne interog\u0103m mai frecvent micile certitudini sau, dac\u0103 avem neap\u0103rat\u0103 nevoie de certitudine, nu medicina, ci economia sau matematica ar trebui s\u0103 fie obiectul aten\u021biei noastre. Instrumentalizarea fricii, politizarea, transformarea \u0219tiin\u021bei medicale \u00een pretext pentru terorism medical de stat sunt str\u0103ine de spiritul \u0219tiin\u021bific, vor l\u0103sa cicatrice desfigurante asupra tuturor. Ar trebui s\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim la asta diminea\u021ba, atunci c\u00e2nd ne privim chipul \u00een oglind\u0103.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

de Ovidiu Ionescu Statinele \u2013 o clas\u0103 de medicamente utilizate pentru reducerea concentra\u021biei lipidelor \u00een s\u00e2nge \u2013 sunt, se pare, cele mai profitabile medicamente din istoria industriei farmaceutice, profiturile de pe urma acestor molecule fiind \u00een zona unui trilion de dolari. Pe urmele lui Fleming, dr. Akira Endo a descoperit c\u0103 ciupercile \u2013 fungii con\u021bin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[18],"class_list":["post-16","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stil_de_viata","tag-stat"],"yoast_head":"\nStatinele ca pretext epistemologic - RoExit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Statinele ca pretext epistemologic - RoExit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"de Ovidiu Ionescu Statinele \u2013 o clas\u0103 de medicamente utilizate pentru reducerea concentra\u021biei lipidelor \u00een s\u00e2nge \u2013 sunt, se pare, cele mai profitabile medicamente din istoria industriei farmaceutice, profiturile de pe urma acestor molecule fiind \u00een zona unui trilion de dolari. Pe urmele lui Fleming, dr. 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Pe urmele lui Fleming, dr. Akira Endo a descoperit c\u0103 ciupercile \u2013 fungii con\u021bin […]","og_url":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16","og_site_name":"RoExit","article_published_time":"2023-05-24T07:43:32+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-10-21T15:11:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1086,"height":584,"url":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/razboiul-statinelor.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Scris de":"admin","Timp estimat pentru citire":"9 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/#\/schema\/person\/a8f9d854425e670d7be352f0eef6054b"},"headline":"Statinele ca pretext epistemologic","datePublished":"2023-05-24T07:43:32+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-21T15:11:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16"},"wordCount":1810,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/razboiul-statinelor.png","keywords":["Statul Modern"],"articleSection":["Via\u021ba \u00een secolul XXI"],"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16","url":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=16","name":"Statinele ca pretext epistemologic - 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