{"id":2793,"date":"2025-05-09T11:06:25","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T11:06:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=2793"},"modified":"2025-10-21T15:51:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T15:51:44","slug":"9-21-mai-1877-independenta-romaniei-este-declarata-de-mihail-kogalniceanu-in-ajunul-zilei-monarhiei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=2793","title":{"rendered":"9\/21 Mai 1877: Independen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei este declarat\u0103 de Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, \u00een ajunul Zilei Monarhiei"},"content":{"rendered":"

La data de 9\/21 mai 1877, ministrul de Externe<\/a>, liberalul Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu<\/a>, a r\u0103spuns interpel\u0103rii deputatului Nicolae Fleva, care cerea guvernului s\u0103 explice Camerei ce m\u0103suri concrete a luat pentru a pune \u00een practic\u0103 cererile mo\u021biunii din 29 aprilie s.v., \u0219i, printr-un discurs memorabil, a proclamat Independen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei<\/a> \u00een uralele Adun\u0103rii (parlamentare).<\/p>\n

Declara\u021bia de Independen\u021b\u0103 din 9 Mai 1877<\/strong> (fragmente)<\/p>\n

\u201e(\u2026) \u00cen stare de rezbel, cu leg\u0103turile rupte, ce suntem? Suntem independen\u021bi: suntem na\u021biune de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare.<\/strong> Avem domn de sine st\u0103t\u0103tor.<\/p>\n

(\u2026) A\u0219a dar\u0103, d-lor deputa\u021bi, nu am cea mai mic\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 \u0219i fric\u0103 de a declara \u00een fa\u021ba reprezenta\u021biunei na\u021bionale c\u0103 noi suntem o na\u021biune liber\u0103 \u0219i independent\u0103 (\u2026). Noi trebuie s\u0103 dovedim c\u0103 avem con\u0219tiin\u021ba misiunei noastre, trebuie s\u0103 dovedim c\u0103 suntem \u00een stare s\u0103 facem \u0219i noi sacrificii pentru ca s\u0103 p\u0103str\u0103m aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i drepturile ei pentru copiii no\u0219tri \u0219i aceast\u0103 misiune \u00een momentele de fa\u021b\u0103 este \u00eencredin\u021bat\u0103 fra\u021bilor \u0219i fiilor no\u0219tri care mor la hotare\u201d, a declarat Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu la 9 Mai 1877 (s.v.), cu o zi \u00eenainte de festivit\u0103\u021bile dedicate monarhiei din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n

A doua zi, 10\/22 mai, se \u00eemplineau 11 ani de c\u00e2nd prin\u021bul Carol sosise la Bucure\u0219ti, pentru a lua \u00een primire tronul Principatelor \u0219i era deja anun\u021bat\u0103 o mare festivitate. Festivit\u0103\u021bile au \u00eenceput la ora 11, cu un TeDeum<\/em> la Mitropolie, au urmat felicit\u0103rile \u0219i discursurile oficiale al Corpurilor (parlamentul, magistra\u021bii, func\u021bionarii superiori, guvernul etc.) p\u00e2n\u0103 la ora 14:30. Primul la cuv\u00e2nt a fost vice-pre\u0219edintele Camerei, Dimitrie Br\u0103tianu: \u201ePrea \u00cen\u0103l\u021bate D\u00f3mne, Camera \u0219i Senatul au recunoscut\u016d independin\u021ba Rom\u00e2nie\u012d faci\u0103 cu Turcia<\/strong>. M\u0103ria Ta, \u00een capul\u016d eroice\u012d n\u00f3stre armate, ve\u012d face a se impune inamiculu\u012d \u0219i a fi recunoscut\u0103 \u0219i de puterile garante ca o necesitate salutar\u0103 Europe\u012d.<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Regele Carol I a mul\u021bumit cabinetului ministerial cu urm\u0103toarele cuvinte: \u201eV\u0115 mul\u021bumesc pentru \u00eendem\u00e2narea cu care a\u021b\u012d urmat impulsiuni\u012d sentimentulu\u012d na\u021bional \u00een \u00eendeplinirea dorin\u021be\u012d cele\u012d ma\u012d scumpe a \u021b\u0115ri\u012d \u00eentreg\u012d.<\/em>\u201d iar Senatului: \u201eUnanimitatea cu care Senatul\u016d a proclamat\u016d ruperea unor\u016d leg\u0103tur\u012d car\u012d de mult\u016d \u00ee\u0219\u012d f\u0103cuser\u0103 timpul\u016d; car\u012d nu f\u0103cea\u016d de c\u00e2t\u016d a \u00eempiedica Rom\u00e2nia \u00een calea sea de pace \u0219i de civilisa\u021biune, f\u0103c\u00e2nd\u2019o solidar\u0103 cu gre\u0219el\u012d streine \u0219i atr\u0103g\u00eand\u016d asupra p\u0103m\u00eantulu\u012d nostru rele \u0219i calamit\u0103\u021b\u012d neprovocate de no\u012d; ac\u00e9st\u0103 unanimitate este o puternic\u0103 dovad\u0103 c\u0103 vi\u016d este \u00eentre d-v\u00f3str\u0103 spiritul\u016d b\u0103tr\u00e2nilor\u016d no\u0219tr\u012d, spiritul acelor\u016d mar\u012d stremo\u0219\u012d, car\u012d, \u00een timpurile cele mai grele, n\u2019a\u016d desperat\u016d nici o dat\u0103 de s\u00f3rta Rom\u00e2nie\u012d<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Deputa\u021bii s-au reunit apoi, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu ora 15, pentru a vota legile propuse la data de 9\/21 mai \u0219i care nu mai avuseser\u0103 timp s\u0103 fie votate sau care fuseser\u0103 ulterior modificate de Senat (\u00eenfiin\u021barea ordinului \u00abSteaua Rom\u00e2niei\u00bb, transformarea tributului \u00een buget de r\u0103zboi etc.)<\/p>\n

Trecerea Dun\u0103rii de c\u0103tre Armata Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/h3>\n

Marele cartier general rom\u00e2n a hot\u0103r\u00e2t pe 11 iulie s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 cererilor ru\u0219ilor \u0219i s\u0103 faciliteze concentrarea de trupe \u021bariste la Plevna prin trimiterea unei brig\u0103zi de infanterie \u0219i a alteia de cavalerie la Nicopol. Pe 16 iulie primele unit\u0103\u021bi rom\u00e2ne au traversat Dun\u0103rea \u0219i controlul ora\u0219ului Nicopol a fost preluat \u00een \u00eentregime de rom\u00e2ni.<\/p>\n

Marele duce Nicolae<\/a> a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 atace cu toate for\u021bele Plevna<\/a>. Atacurile ru\u0219ilor au fost respinse cu pierderi foarte mari de ap\u0103rarea foarte hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 a turcilor. \u00centr-o telegram\u0103 cifrat\u0103, marele duce Nicolae s-a adresat princepelui Carol I cer\u00e2ndu-i ajutorul: \u201eTurcii, adun\u00e2nd cele mai mari mase de trupe la Plevna, ne zdrobesc. Rog s\u0103 faci fusiune, demonstra\u021biune \u0219i, dac\u0103 se poate, s\u0103 treci Dun\u0103rea cu armata dup\u0103 cum dore\u0219ti. \u00centre Jiu \u0219i Corabia demonstra\u021biunea aceasta este neap\u0103rat necesar\u0103 pentru \u00eenlesnirea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor mele.\u201d<\/p>\n

Principele Carol I a acceptat propunerea marelui duce Nicolae s\u0103 devin\u0103 comandantul suprem al trupelor ruse \u0219i rom\u00e2ne de la Plevna. Condi\u021biile de cooperare urmau s\u0103 fie discute ulterior. \u00cen seara zilei de 19 iulie, noi unit\u0103\u021bi rom\u00e2ne au traversat Dun\u0103rea, iar artileria de pe malul st\u00e2ng al fluviului \u0219i-a intensificat bombardamentele. \u00cen plus, Armata Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a fost reorganizat\u0103 pe 23 iulie \u00een vederea \u00eendeplinirii noilor sarcini. Astfel, a fost creat\u0103 Armata de Opera\u021biuni de sub comanda generalui Alexandru Cernat<\/a>, (43.414 militari, 7.170 cai, 110 tunuri). Pentru ap\u0103rarea frontierei dun\u0103rene a fost creat Corpul de observa\u021bie 11.380 militari, 1.350 cai, 74 tunuri), iar mili\u021biile<\/a> din Oltenia<\/a> au fost mobilizate.<\/p>\n

\u00cen urma discu\u021biilor celor dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi, s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t ca la baza cooper\u0103rii s\u0103 fie pus\u0103 respectarea unit\u0103\u021bii de comand\u0103 a armatei rom\u00e2ne, iar la Plevna s\u0103 se constituie o singur\u0103 grupare ruso-rom\u00e2n\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201eArmata de vest\u201d, pus\u0103 sub comanda principelui Carol I. P\u00e2n\u0103 pe 25 august, trei divizii rom\u00e2ne s-au al\u0103turat Armatei de vest. \u00cen aceast\u0103 zi, consiliul de r\u0103zboi aliat a hot\u0103r\u00e2t ca s\u0103 fie lansat un al treilea asalt asupra Plevnei pe 30 august 1877. (mai multe detalii AICI<\/a>) (articolul continu\u0103 sub foto)<\/em><\/p>\n

\"independentza-razboiul-1024x623<\/figure>\n

\u00cencheierea victorioas\u0103 a R\u0103zboiului de Independen\u021b\u0103 (1877-1878) a avut o \u00eensemn\u0103tate deosebit\u0103 \u00een istoria poporului rom\u00e2n. Dup\u0103 aproape 5 secole de lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva domina\u021biei otomane, proclamarea independen\u021bei \u0219i consacrarea ei pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103, urmat\u0103 de recunoa\u0219terea interna\u021bional\u0103, a \u00eenl\u0103turat orice leg\u0103turi de subordonare fa\u021b\u0103 de Imperiul Otoman.<\/p>\n

Participarea rom\u00e2nilor din Timoc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen timpul b\u0103t\u0103liilor duse la sud de Dun\u0103re de armata rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een r\u0103zboiul din 1877-1878, acesteia i s-au alipit batalioane de voluntari formate din rom\u00e2ni timoceni. Astfel, la asediul Vidinului au participat voluntari din st\u00e2nga Timocului, condu\u0219i de Ilie Nicolae din Cobi\u0219ni\u021ba, precum \u0219i din zona ora\u0219ului asediat sub comanda lui Vancea Predoi din Bregova. \u00cen r\u00e2ndul voluntarilor au luptat \u0219i copii \u0219i tineri, \u00eentre care 37 de fete, care distribuiau o\u0219tenilor rom\u00e2ni hran\u0103, muni\u021bie \u0219i ajutau pe cei din serviciul sanitar. Mari\u021ba, o feti\u021b\u0103 de 12 sau 14 ani, se spune c\u0103 a c\u0103rat cu o g\u0103leat\u0103 de lemn ap\u0103 pentru militarii armatei rom\u00e2ne. Prima dintre fetele care au c\u0103zut r\u0103puse de gloan\u021bele inamicului a fost Mari\u021ba. \u00cen 1905, rom\u00e2nii de la sud de Dun\u0103re au ridicat o statuie de bronz \u00een apropierea cimitirului de la Sm\u00e2rdan \u00een care odihnesc eroii c\u0103zu\u021bi la datorie. Statuia o \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 pe Mari\u021ba privind spre est (c\u0103tre liniile armatei turce\u0219ti) purt\u00e2nd \u00een m\u00e2na dreapt\u0103 o coroan\u0103, iar \u00een st\u00e2nga o g\u0103leat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Recunoa\u0219terea Independen\u021bei a determinat pierderea sudului Basarabiei, dar \u0219i unirea Dobrogei<\/strong><\/p>\n

Din p\u0103cate, la presiunea Imperiului \u021aarist \u0219i a factorilor externi, \u00eenc\u0103lc\u00e2ndu-se prevederile \u00een\u021belegerii prin care Rom\u00e2nia acceptase tranzitul trupelor ruse pe teritoriul s\u0103u spre Sudul Dun\u0103rii cu condi\u021bia garant\u0103rii integrit\u0103\u021bii sale teritoriale, at\u00e2t la pacea de la San Stefano, c\u00e2t \u0219i la congresul de pace de la Berlin, recunoa\u0219terea Independen\u021bei Rom\u00e2niei este condi\u021bionat\u0103 de un schimb teritorial. Astfel, Rom\u00e2nia va pierde cele 3 jude\u021be din sudul Basarabiei (Ismail, Cahul \u0219i Bolgrad), primind \u00een schimb Dobrogea, Delta Dun\u0103rii \u0219i Insula \u0218erpilor, proasp\u0103t eliberate de sub domina\u021bia otoman\u0103.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 anul 1878, Rom\u00e2nia cunoa\u0219te un important progres economic, cultural \u0219i social. Independen\u021ba este urmat\u0103 de ridicarea \u021b\u0103rii la rangul de Regat \u00een 1881. Regatul Rom\u00e2niei avea s\u0103 d\u0103inuiasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se extind\u0103 teritorial timp de aproape 70 de ani, p\u00e2n\u0103 la abdicarea for\u021bat\u0103 a Regelui Mihai I, \u00een decembrie 1947.<\/p>\n

Rom\u00e2nii ardeleni s-au \u00eenrolat ca voluntari ca s\u0103 lupte pentru Independen\u021ba Vechiului Regat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ac\u021biunile desf\u0103\u0219urate de Armata Rom\u00e2n\u0103 pe parcursul R\u0103zboiului de Independen\u021b\u0103 au dus la dezvoltarea artei militare rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Este important de men\u021bionat faptul c\u0103, \u00een acest r\u0103zboi dus de Vechiul Regat peste grani\u021be, la sud de Dun\u0103re, au participat, \u00eenrol\u00e2ndu-se ca voluntari \u00een Armata Rom\u00e2n\u0103, \u0219i o \u00eentreag\u0103 genera\u021bie de rom\u00e2ni ardeleni, tr\u0103itori la acea vreme \u00een Imperiul Austro-Ungar. Prelu\u00e2nd idealurile pa\u0219optiste ale Unirii tuturor rom\u00e2nilor \u00eentr-un singur stat, ardelenii s-au unit de facto cu fra\u021bii lor de la sud de Carpa\u021bi pentru a lupta spre dezrobirea Rom\u00e2niei, ca prim pas \u00een direc\u021bia \u00eenf\u0103ptuirii idealului Rom\u00e2niei Mari.<\/p>\n

Cucerirea Independen\u021bei de stat a f\u0103cut din Rom\u00e2nia un stat suveran (neat\u00e2rnat, de sine st\u0103t\u0103tor), egal \u00een drepturi cu celelalte state independente, cre\u00e2ndu-se astfel premisele \u0219i pentru realizarea unit\u0103\u021bii statale a tuturor rom\u00e2nilor. Aceasta avea s\u0103 fie posibil\u0103 doar \u00eentr-un context mai larg de transform\u0103ri continentale \u0219i globale, la finele Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial, prin actul Unirilor de la 1918 (9 Aprile \u2013 Basarabia; 28 Noiembrie \u2013 Bucovina; 1 Decembrie 1918 \u2013 Ardealul), dar \u0219i prin unirea anterioar\u0103 a Cadrilaterului, sudul Dobrogei (\u00een urma celor dou\u0103 r\u0103zboaie balcanice<\/a> dinaintea Marelui R\u0103zboi mondial).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La data de 9\/21 mai 1877, ministrul de Externe, liberalul Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, a r\u0103spuns interpel\u0103rii deputatului Nicolae Fleva, care cerea guvernului s\u0103 explice Camerei ce m\u0103suri concrete a luat pentru a pune \u00een practic\u0103 cererile mo\u021biunii din 29 aprilie s.v., \u0219i, printr-un discurs memorabil, a proclamat Independen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei \u00een uralele Adun\u0103rii (parlamentare). Declara\u021bia de Independen\u021b\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,496,290],"tags":[2738,2739,2740,2741,2742,2743,1479,2744,2745,2746,1943,202,1243,2747,2748,2749,2750,2751,2752,2753,2754,2755,704,2756,2757],"class_list":["post-2793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","category-istorie","category-politica","tag-21-mai","tag-9-mai","tag-alexandru-cernat","tag-cadrilater","tag-casa-regala-romana","tag-dimitrie-bratianu","tag-dobrogea","tag-dunarea","tag-imperiul-austro-ungar","tag-imperiul-otoman","tag-imperiul-tarist","tag-independenta-romaniei","tag-insula-serpilor","tag-istoria-romanilor","tag-marele-duce-nicolae","tag-mihail-kogalniceanu","tag-monarhie-vs-republica","tag-nicolae-fleva","tag-razboiul-de-independenta","tag-razboiul-ruso-turc-1877-1878","tag-regele-carol-i","tag-romania-mare","tag-sudul-basarabiei","tag-sudul-dobrogei","tag-unirea-tuturor-romanilor-1918"],"yoast_head":"\n9\/21 Mai 1877: Independen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei este declarat\u0103 de Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, \u00een ajunul Zilei Monarhiei - RoExit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/roexit.info\/?p=2793\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"9\/21 Mai 1877: Independen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei este declarat\u0103 de Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, \u00een ajunul Zilei Monarhiei - RoExit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La data de 9\/21 mai 1877, ministrul de Externe, liberalul Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, a r\u0103spuns interpel\u0103rii deputatului Nicolae Fleva, care cerea guvernului s\u0103 explice Camerei ce m\u0103suri concrete a luat pentru a pune \u00een practic\u0103 cererile mo\u021biunii din 29 aprilie s.v., \u0219i, printr-un discurs memorabil, a proclamat Independen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei \u00een uralele Adun\u0103rii (parlamentare). 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